Jillu Kumar Swain.

Deep Copy in Ruby :
eg:
     if  a=1
         b=a
         a+=1
so, now  a=2  and b= 1  which is very clear, right ?
again,
          if a=[1,2,3]
              b=a
              a << 4  (just add an element into 'a')

so, now a=[1,2,3,4]  and  b = ?
can u guess ???  is that [1,2,3] ?  no, its exactly [1,2,3,4] because the Array Object is not a POD(plain old data) type. The assignment operator doesn't make a copy of the value , it simply copies the reference to the array object. The a and b are now references to the same array object, any changes in either variable will be seen in the other.